Poca Snack

POCA SNACK – PEPSI CO Pepsi Co, established about 100 years ago, is the owner of the Poca brand and one of the largest companies in the world, having a significant variety of carbonated, non-carbonated beverages, salty sweet and gain-based snack and other food which are available in more than 200 countries. PepsiCo Vietnam was established in 1991 (IBC) under the form of a joint-venture company, and became owned wholly by foreign businessmen in 2000, with a great many investments and supports from PepsiCo Global.Along with the success of Lay’s snack brand name all over the world, PepsiCo is on the way to build a new snack brand, Poca, with a view to becoming popularly recognized in not only Vietnam but also overseas markets in the long run. Although Poca brand has been established in Vietnam nearly for four years, it is ranking now in the top three leading snack companies (The Market Newspaper 2008). Until now, Poca has 20 flavors with various package sizes from 10 to 60 g. Although Poca brand is now very popular and has had a large market share in the market for snack they still have some limitations.Firstly, as being a comparatively new entrant with recently launched products, Poca has to compete with a great number of big and long-standing well-known opponents, such as Oishi, Pringles, Kinh Do. Almost Vietnamese customers are used to those famous brands so they do not care much about Pepsi Co snack – Poca. Secondly, most people think that snack is unhealthy food. Therefore, many parents do not allow their child to eat snacks. Moreover, Poca also contain small amounts of cholesterol, animal fat, sodium which are well-known as unhealthy substances.Last but not least, natural factors such as water, soil or weather play a very important role in growing potatoes and wheat, so if there are some changes on one of them, it could effect to the productivity of the whole industry. In addition, each year Vietnam often face with many disasters such as storms or typhoons. Therefore, Poca sometimes faces shortage of main raw material and it leads to large amount of backlogs. There are some suggestions to deal with Poca brand’s limitations.Poca brand should intensify the natural nutrition such as anti-inflammatory, omega 3, aliphatic acid, and oleocanthal and minimize the unhealthy ingredients like cholesterol, animal fat, sodium and artificial substances. Besides, they can change the packing materials from plastics into Bio-Plastics packages – which automatically disintegrate into carbon dioxide, water, and biological substances under the natural condition. It will encourage people to buy Poca instead of other snack brand to protect the environment.Moreover, the whole industry has to be aware about the weather in Vietnam in order to avoid shortage of main raw material. They should have careful planning and well weather prediction. Furthermore, there should be more promotions to attract the customers. For example, the company sometimes holds parties or concerts with the performance of the brand’s representatives – famous stars, they can give out some discount programs to attract more consumers. Additionally, the company should increase more flavors for recent products.They should give out the surveys among their target customers to determine the favorite flavors for the upcoming products. As Poca develops new competitive and unique flavors, it can compete with other famous competitors such as Kinh Do Barkery or Bibica. INTRODUCTION . Saigon Cosmetics Corporation (SCC) is officially established in 01/01/1987 and became a share holding company in 01/01/2000. The company specializes in manufacturing and distributing perfume. Besides, the company also produces shampoo, shower gel and soap.Before 1990, the market of SCC is only local. In 1990, the first foreign markets were the Soviet Union and the Eastern European Bloc countries. Since then, the business has developed greatly, and now b een it is aiming for international markets such as the US and UK. In addition, the company completed and put into use a new factory of 18ha area at Cat Lai Industry zone, District 2, HCMC in 2004. , Miss Saigon Elegance is a high quality product of the company which has a unique shape of a Vietnamese girl wearing an â€Å"Ao dai† and a conical hat.Since the year 2007, SCC has started investing in new stores to sell its products. At present, SCC has 13 stores in all over Vietnam. Many of the stores are located in big department stores/supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City – the most developed city of Vietnam. Moreover, there is a showroom in Phu My Hung – a new and wealthy district in HCMC. Besides, SCC products are also sold at other general retail shops. * The company aims to build its brand into a internationally competitive one, make it to the world-class level.This will face with tremendous difficulties as there are top brands in the world that has perfume produc t; e. g: Calvin Klein, Chanel, Cartier, Hugo Boss, Giorgio Armani, etc. Products at medium cost may make the customer wonder about the quality of the products as comparing to other brands of perfume. Vietnamese customers are in favor with foreign brands rather than the local brands. Perfume in general is luxury product, which are usually sold at high price. * To provide customers with high-quality products, the company imports materials from French.Moreover, the company is in associate with Liz Claiborne cosmetics for manufacturing technology and quality assurance counseling. Most of the materials for the products are imported. This results in import tax and transportation cost that cut down on the company’s profit. Access to raw materials is limited There are counterfeit products of Miss Saigon Elegance perfume that have been found in some South East Asian countries. This threatens to take over part of the company’s profit and harm the customers’ health and the refore, damage the brand image. Recruit skilled employees to make sure that products have good quality. Associate with other well-known brand such as Ponds to make a bundle of perfume and body care to attract more customers. ST strategies * Mass invest in promotion to get customers’ attention and increase sales. * Build up a good system to communicate with customers to keep them and attract new customers as well. | WT strategies * Diversify products to set different prices for different target customers. Try to promote the products in more areas with attractive advertisements. | SO strategies * Develop the company’s website for customers to be able to buy product online. * Research the market in Vietnam as well as foreign markets to improve the quality of the products to meet customers’ satisfaction. | WO strategies * Recruit skilled employees to make sure that products have good quality. * Associate with other well-known brand such as Ponds to make a bundle of perfume and body care to attract more customers. * Invest more in promotion for our products and try to have more customers from not only the market in Vietnam but also in other countries. * Maintain the relationship with the customers by building a good membership system which allows discount to customers who have silver and gold membership card. * Product Mix Pricing Strategies: SCC has many kinds of products which has different appropriate prices for the customers. The products range from average quality product to high quality product.This means that the company is using product line pricing to set different prices based on the different quality of the products * Price-Adjustment Strategies: * Psychological Pricing: because customers tend to judge a product’s quality based on the price – higher price means better quality – so we set a fairly high price that is compatible with the value of the products. * Product-bundle pricing: the product line of Miss Saigo n Elegance contains two kinds of fragrance: N1 and N2. When buying both fragrances, instead of paying 500,000VND, customers will have to pay 450,000 only.We suggest other bundles, for example, when buying a bottle of Miss Saigon Elegance (250,000VND) and Miss Vietnam (180,000VND), customers only have to pay 399,000VND instead of 430,000VND. * the company should have salespeople to push its products to the customers. With this strategy, word-of-mouth can be excellent in helping people recognize and remember the products as well as the company. * On occasions like Christmas Eve, Women’s Day, New Year, Company birthday etc. customers can have a small extra 5ml bottle of Cindy perfume when buying a 75ml Miss Saigon Elegance or 20% discount on all product. Poca Snack POCA SNACK – PEPSI CO Pepsi Co, established about 100 years ago, is the owner of the Poca brand and one of the largest companies in the world, having a significant variety of carbonated, non-carbonated beverages, salty sweet and gain-based snack and other food which are available in more than 200 countries. PepsiCo Vietnam was established in 1991 (IBC) under the form of a joint-venture company, and became owned wholly by foreign businessmen in 2000, with a great many investments and supports from PepsiCo Global.Along with the success of Lay’s snack brand name all over the world, PepsiCo is on the way to build a new snack brand, Poca, with a view to becoming popularly recognized in not only Vietnam but also overseas markets in the long run. Although Poca brand has been established in Vietnam nearly for four years, it is ranking now in the top three leading snack companies (The Market Newspaper 2008). Until now, Poca has 20 flavors with various package sizes from 10 to 60 g. Although Poca brand is now very popular and has had a large market share in the market for snack they still have some limitations.Firstly, as being a comparatively new entrant with recently launched products, Poca has to compete with a great number of big and long-standing well-known opponents, such as Oishi, Pringles, Kinh Do. Almost Vietnamese customers are used to those famous brands so they do not care much about Pepsi Co snack – Poca. Secondly, most people think that snack is unhealthy food. Therefore, many parents do not allow their child to eat snacks. Moreover, Poca also contain small amounts of cholesterol, animal fat, sodium which are well-known as unhealthy substances.Last but not least, natural factors such as water, soil or weather play a very important role in growing potatoes and wheat, so if there are some changes on one of them, it could effect to the productivity of the whole industry. In addition, each year Vietnam often face with many disasters such as storms or typhoons. Therefore, Poca sometimes faces shortage of main raw material and it leads to large amount of backlogs. There are some suggestions to deal with Poca brand’s limitations.Poca brand should intensify the natural nutrition such as anti-inflammatory, omega 3, aliphatic acid, and oleocanthal and minimize the unhealthy ingredients like cholesterol, animal fat, sodium and artificial substances. Besides, they can change the packing materials from plastics into Bio-Plastics packages – which automatically disintegrate into carbon dioxide, water, and biological substances under the natural condition. It will encourage people to buy Poca instead of other snack brand to protect the environment.Moreover, the whole industry has to be aware about the weather in Vietnam in order to avoid shortage of main raw material. They should have careful planning and well weather prediction. Furthermore, there should be more promotions to attract the customers. For example, the company sometimes holds parties or concerts with the performance of the brand’s representatives – famous stars, they can give out some discount programs to attract more consumers. Additionally, the company should increase more flavors for recent products.They should give out the surveys among their target customers to determine the favorite flavors for the upcoming products. As Poca develops new competitive and unique flavors, it can compete with other famous competitors such as Kinh Do Barkery or Bibica. INTRODUCTION . Saigon Cosmetics Corporation (SCC) is officially established in 01/01/1987 and became a share holding company in 01/01/2000. The company specializes in manufacturing and distributing perfume. Besides, the company also produces shampoo, shower gel and soap.Before 1990, the market of SCC is only local. In 1990, the first foreign markets were the Soviet Union and the Eastern European Bloc countries. Since then, the business has developed greatly, and now b een it is aiming for international markets such as the US and UK. In addition, the company completed and put into use a new factory of 18ha area at Cat Lai Industry zone, District 2, HCMC in 2004. , Miss Saigon Elegance is a high quality product of the company which has a unique shape of a Vietnamese girl wearing an â€Å"Ao dai† and a conical hat.Since the year 2007, SCC has started investing in new stores to sell its products. At present, SCC has 13 stores in all over Vietnam. Many of the stores are located in big department stores/supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City – the most developed city of Vietnam. Moreover, there is a showroom in Phu My Hung – a new and wealthy district in HCMC. Besides, SCC products are also sold at other general retail shops. * The company aims to build its brand into a internationally competitive one, make it to the world-class level.This will face with tremendous difficulties as there are top brands in the world that has perfume produc t; e. g: Calvin Klein, Chanel, Cartier, Hugo Boss, Giorgio Armani, etc. Products at medium cost may make the customer wonder about the quality of the products as comparing to other brands of perfume. Vietnamese customers are in favor with foreign brands rather than the local brands. Perfume in general is luxury product, which are usually sold at high price. * To provide customers with high-quality products, the company imports materials from French.Moreover, the company is in associate with Liz Claiborne cosmetics for manufacturing technology and quality assurance counseling. Most of the materials for the products are imported. This results in import tax and transportation cost that cut down on the company’s profit. Access to raw materials is limited There are counterfeit products of Miss Saigon Elegance perfume that have been found in some South East Asian countries. This threatens to take over part of the company’s profit and harm the customers’ health and the refore, damage the brand image. Recruit skilled employees to make sure that products have good quality. Associate with other well-known brand such as Ponds to make a bundle of perfume and body care to attract more customers. ST strategies * Mass invest in promotion to get customers’ attention and increase sales. * Build up a good system to communicate with customers to keep them and attract new customers as well. | WT strategies * Diversify products to set different prices for different target customers. Try to promote the products in more areas with attractive advertisements. | SO strategies * Develop the company’s website for customers to be able to buy product online. * Research the market in Vietnam as well as foreign markets to improve the quality of the products to meet customers’ satisfaction. | WO strategies * Recruit skilled employees to make sure that products have good quality. * Associate with other well-known brand such as Ponds to make a bundle of perfume and body care to attract more customers. * Invest more in promotion for our products and try to have more customers from not only the market in Vietnam but also in other countries. * Maintain the relationship with the customers by building a good membership system which allows discount to customers who have silver and gold membership card. * Product Mix Pricing Strategies: SCC has many kinds of products which has different appropriate prices for the customers. The products range from average quality product to high quality product.This means that the company is using product line pricing to set different prices based on the different quality of the products * Price-Adjustment Strategies: * Psychological Pricing: because customers tend to judge a product’s quality based on the price – higher price means better quality – so we set a fairly high price that is compatible with the value of the products. * Product-bundle pricing: the product line of Miss Saigo n Elegance contains two kinds of fragrance: N1 and N2. When buying both fragrances, instead of paying 500,000VND, customers will have to pay 450,000 only.We suggest other bundles, for example, when buying a bottle of Miss Saigon Elegance (250,000VND) and Miss Vietnam (180,000VND), customers only have to pay 399,000VND instead of 430,000VND. * the company should have salespeople to push its products to the customers. With this strategy, word-of-mouth can be excellent in helping people recognize and remember the products as well as the company. * On occasions like Christmas Eve, Women’s Day, New Year, Company birthday etc. customers can have a small extra 5ml bottle of Cindy perfume when buying a 75ml Miss Saigon Elegance or 20% discount on all product.

An Inspector Calls play analysis

An Inspector Calls play analysis Essay In this Play the inspector plays various roles. He plays a socialist as he is against capitalist views and because he is not just looking out for himself but others as well. Also he is known to be a catalyst as he brings a split in the Birling family. He plays a ghost as we find out he is not real. Additionally he plays a fraud because he is not a real inspector, but he does act as an Inspector. The inspector adds a great deal of tension and drama to the play. Priestley does this because he brings tension between the younger generation consisting of Sheila and Eric and the older generation consisting of Gerald, Mrs. Birling and Birling because of the inspector. Priestley uses the inspector as a substitute of him self to put his socialist points across this adds drama because we have to think about what he is trying to do. The four Birlings and Gerald are happily seated around the dinner table having an enjoyable night celebrating Sheila and Geralds engagement. All of them are feeling happy and are comfortable and relaxed and do not seem to have a care in the world but all of that is about to change. The scene is set in 1912, which is a pre war time. Also this is the time when the suffragettes were fighting for womens rights. Additionally this was the time that the Titanic was built. The unsinkable ship, which ironically sank, would set sail in a weeks time. The life that the Birlings live is very nice and easy but Priestley is showing how great things always end in disaster like the evening they are having. This is also ironic as he starts by telling us how the Titanic was unsinkable and it ended and just like he will go on to tell us how the Birlings lives are good at the moment but this will soon come to an end. The story does have some relevance to the early nineties even if the novel it was written in 1945. All these points are there to remind us of how not all good things last and how we should all look out for each other and not just for ourselves. An example is We are members of one body, said the inspector. This shows us that the inspector is enforcing the point of being part of one community and that we should look out for one and other. This also shows the link of how the inspector could just be Priestley in another form such as a ghost. I believe that Priestley is reminding us to look out for each other just in case any major wars happen and we have to rely on each other so thats maybe why he is enforcing this. When the inspector first enters the stage the atmosphere changes but not a great deal on first sight of the inspector. The inspector does not appear to be a big man but he does make him self appear strong and confident. He gives an impression that he will destroy them if they toy with him. Sheila changes the way she thinks and decides from now on she is going to be good. She has come to this decision as a result of the influence the inspector has had on her. His socialist views have been understood by Sheila and have changed her because she is going to start to care for other people. For example whoever that inspector was it was anything but a joke. You knew it then. You began to learn something. And now youve stopped, said Sheila. This shows us that the Inspector really has influenced Sheila and she has learnt something from what he is trying to say. Also she is showing the divide between the Birlings when they find out the inspector was not real as they now will not take responsibility for the death of Eva Smith but the youngsters will. The Inspector creates a split between the family by dividing the younger and older generations. He is a catalyst because he divides the family and makes them angry at each other. Gerald and Sheila will not get married because of the inspectors visit. Birling may not get his knighthood because of the visit from the inspector may cause a scandal. All these things are the effects of the Inspectors visit. All Priestley is trying to do is make everyone take responsibility for their actions, for example what he is doing to the Birlings. By doing this it makes the audience feel like they need to do the same thing but not act like the older generation of the Birlings but act like the younger generation. READ: Ohio monologue from the play by Nick Zagone Essay ThesisNear the end of the play the inspector is thought to be a fraud. The Birlings have various reasons to believe this. There was no information about him and he did not tell us anything about himself when he introduces him self. He is unknown in the force as the policeman Gerald asked said there was no such inspector. Also Birling is very familiar with the county police force and he said he had never seen or heard of an Inspector under the name Goole. The way he was working through the Birlings made them think he was a fraud as no inspector has ever done this to the Birlings before. Near the end of the play it is discovered that there is no inspector named Goole and he has never been seen on the police force. For example à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I met a sergeant I knowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ He swore there wasnt any inspector Goole or anybody like him on the force here, said Gerald. This is proof there is no Inspector Goole and he really is a fraud. Also Theres is more proof because no other inspector works like him but it definitely is very effective as he left the Birling family in shambles. The Inspector is considered a fraud. Gerald is the first to question if the inspector really is an Inspector. He goes on to say that the inspector did not show all of us the same picture as he showed everyone a picture one by one so there is no evidence that he could have showed each of them all different pictures let alone the real Eva Smith. They all may have seen different photos. He then goes on to say that there was no evidence to prove that there really was a young girl called Eva Smith that had died. This is Geralds view of how the inspector works and how it makes him a fraud. The inspector also tells us how and why he works. Its the way I like to work. One person and one line of inquiry at a time. Otherwise, theres a muddle. This shows us how the Inspector explains how he works and why. This sounds like the real way an inspector should work which misleads us at the beginning of the play and makes us think he really is an inspector. This makes the story effective and dramatic because it all leads to a huge twist at the end when we find out the inspector does not really exist and there is no dead girl called Eva Smith however there is another twist at the end when they really do find out an Eva Smith had really died and an inspector is on his way over. This makes the story more interesting and more dramatic like a soap opera and it adds more suspense to the play. The inspector is used in the story as someone who is supposed to be like J. B Priestley. He is like a substitute for J. B Priestly and they are linked as the inspector is being used to put across his messages. The inspector is in the story to make the Birlings have responsibility for their actions. He is trying to make people think about what they do before they do it. Look before you leap as the saying goes. The inspector is trying to say that people should all be treated equally. All these messages are aimed at the audience as well as the Birlings. This is how Priestley gets his points out to us, through the link between him and the inspector. I think his main messages are that we are all part of one community, not individual people but we are connected one way or another so we have to care for each other and look after each other. For example à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. We are responsible for each other, said the inspector. This shows us the inspector has socialist views and does care about others apart from himself. READ: How does Charles Dickens use the ghost story genre to provoke fear in both the Victorian and modern reader of The Signalman EssayPriestley puts across message of capitalism verses socialism as he shows the Inspector, the socialist saying how we should not be like a capitalist but more like a socialist and care for one another. The inspector is a socialist as is Priestley and have socialist views. They are against capitalism, as they do not feel you should just earn a living for money and for yourself but you should help other people. The inspectors name is a pun for ghoul. This then leads us to believe that the inspector does not exist. He is some sort of ghost or phantom who is a nightmare to the Birlings. The Birlings have other beliefs that prove the inspector does not exist like Gerald. He finds out from another police sergeant from the county force that there is no one like or called the inspector they had met. In addition, the older generation seem to think it is all a hoax. For example Its a hoax of some kind, said Gerald. This shows that the older generation thinks it is some old fool playing a trick on them causing a scandal. There is nothing wrong with them believing this as they now have evidence that the inspector really is not an inspector but a fraud but that is only if he really does exist which is unknown to everyone. It could also show that the inspector is a bad ghoul playing tricks on family to have fun. He seems to know about he future because he knows what will happen to Eva Smith that no one else knows about, which may give the audience an idea that he is not a human being. He is another type of life such as a spirit that does not exist in our world, as it is virtually impossible to predict the future. He does make the Birlings scared of him as he breaks them down one by one leading them to confess. This may also show why he is a ghoul because he is scary. The inspector being a ghoul makes the audience more interested in the story because there is no obvious thing at the beginning of the story that gives him away but we all have our suspicions and this leads to tension as we want to continue to view the play to find out whether our suspicions were correct or not. This is another aspect that makes the play so good and again it involves the truth hidden behind the inspector. The inspector had an enormous affect on the Birlings. He caused them to fall out with each other and go against each other. From all what he told them the only people that actually learnt their lesson was the younger generation. The elders did not as when they found out the inspector was a fraud they were celebrating so what the inspector said went through one ear out the other. I think the family could get back to how they were before but it would be on Sheila and Erics conscience that they once helped lead a girl to suicide. Priestleys over all message in this story was we are all part of one community and we have to look after each other rather than just looking out for ourselves. If one person is affected in the community than all of us are. That is what Priestleys over all message is. I believe the over all role of the inspector was to play a substitute of Priestley to get Priestleys messages across to the audience and the Birlings. The Inspector has many hidden messages in him. He plays so many different roles and the he himself makes the whole story. He makes you think and puts across the messages, which to me is the point of the book. He is very effective and adds a great deal of drama.

How Organizational Change Affected DOD Employees Research Paper

How Organizational Change Affected DOD Employees - Research Paper Example   The management of change is extremely important in the development of an understanding between employers and employees because it focuses on the people within the said organization and how they resist changes that are imposed on them (Rusaw, 2005, p.482). It also comes to look at how, afterward, these employees come to accept these changes as being part of their work environment. It has been found that the administration of the Department of Defence tend to aim at creating an environment which is highly receptive of change because they have come to realize that the acceptance of change is the key which determines whether the changes that they implement become either successes or failures. The strategy which is used by the Defence Department when making changes to the organisation has come to be found to be what makes the difference on how well these changes are received by its employees, and as such, it is what determines the level of success that newly implemented management str ategies have not only on the employees but also on the department itself (Durant, 2008, p.282). It has been found that the best means that the Defence Department implements changes among its employees has been its recognition of the fact that it is a normal human behavior to resist change. One of the most pertinent issues that it has come to address when implementing changes has been the recognition that its employees will not automatically accept any of the new changes that it attempts to implement.   

Introduction to Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to Supply Chain Management - Essay Example They claimed that the quality of the parts they have been receiving from the outsourcing company were not up to standards. Inventory was then packed with products that were no longer of use to Boeing, losing them millions of dollars. Further investigations revealed that the outsourcing company wasn’t being watched over as closely as the engineers and companies throughout the country. Boeings main reason for outsourcing revolved around revenue purposes. The report finds that inventory product quality, as well as quantity supply is crucial within organizations and can cause a lot of problems if not watched and dealt with carefully. It is recommended that: the battery is dramatically improved by watching the quality of the parts inserted; Boeing launch and promote a campaign assuring non-faulty batteries; and resumes are looked over again by company officials. The limitations that may occur are that a product such as an airplane may require off shoring because some expertise exists only in foreign countries. Also, while there is nothing necessarily wrong with off shoring, the cultural and language differences as well as physical distances can add to the supply chain risks. Boeing is one of the major companies in the world that manufactures defense and commercial jetliners and security and space system. The company is faceted into two major business entities: the Boeing Space and Security and the Commercial airplane (Hiltzik, 2011). In addition, its other products are electronics, weapons satellites, defense system, military aircraft, systems of information and communication that are advanced et cetera. The company is not only one of the leading exporters of the US but also have connection with customers in the various countries of operation (approximately more than 150 nations). The company’s headquarters is in Chicago and it provides employment opportunities to approximately 180,000 individuals in the US and other nations

Financial Analysis of St. Vincents hospital Essay

Financial Analysis of St. Vincents hospital - Essay Example The St. Vincent’s hospital was a major health providing institution within the Manhattan area and it had been serving the local community since being formed in the year 1849, besides the health care facility, a medical college was also on the offerings. St. Vincent’s hospital was closed on April 30, 2010 and it was found that the hospital owed billions of dollars; hence it had to file for bankruptcy. As of April 30th, the hospital had to sack 3000 employees because of its closure. This led to a huge hue and cry amongst the employees of the hospital as the 3000 employees had to face the grudging effect of the loan and that too in a very stiff economic environment where job cutting was a major feature (NY1 News, 2010). Many attempts were made to stop the closure of the hospital but all of these attempts went in vain. U.S. Senators Chuck Schumer, Kirsten Gillibrand and Congressman Jerrold Nadler were all involved in forwarding an application to the U.S. Department of Housi ng and Urban Development (HUD) so that the hospital could be saved from bankruptcy. This request was made to the HUD department because of the department’s ability to offer mortgage insurance. The senators along with the congressman explained that the hospital had a long history of offering major emergency and other health care services in that area and it would be difficult to diversify the emergency patients of St.

Hw Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hw - Speech or Presentation Example Compute the results from a hypothesis test of p1=p2 (with a 0.05 significance level) and a 95% confidence interval estimate of p1-p2 A study investigated survival rates for in- hospital patients who suffered cardiac arrests. Among 58593 patients who had cardiac arrest during the day, 11604 survived and were discharged. Among 28155patients who had attacks at night, 4138 survived and were discharged. We want to use 0.01 significance level to test the claim that survival rates are the same for the days and nights. .In a randomized controlled trial in Kenya, insecticide treated bed nets were tested as a way to reduce malaria. Among the 343 infants using bed nets, 15 developed malaria. Among 294 infants not using bed nets, 27 developed malaria. (Based on data from sustainability of reductions in malaria transmission and infant mortality in western Kenya with use of insecticide treated bed nets. By Lindblade et al. Journal of the American medical Association.) We want to use a 0.02 significance level to test the claim that the incidence of malaria is lower 9n infants using bed nets. The results are statistically significant since they provide the information required for statistical estimation. However, the results are not practical since it is not easy to estimate and improve the

Criminological Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminological Theories - Essay Example Under this theory, a crime is committed after the person has decided to commit the crime out of need for money and other material factors that they thought could enhance their lives. This theory is considered to be connected to the Crime Prevention Theory due to the application of "opportunity prevention techniques" in both theories. The so-called "opportunity prevention techniques" are said to be done to increase the endeavor necessary to a crime, to increase the calculated risks of trepidation, to reduce the probable rewards of a crime, and to remove the reasons that complies with existing laws ("Rational Choice Theory", 2006). Trait theories are derived from a psychological perspective. Perpetrators are said to be different form a "normal" individual because of certain physical and psychological traits. Some of these traits are highly recognizable in individuals that have criminal tendencies and more often than not, crimes are committed because of exposure to society. Therefore, it can be extrapolated that individuals are influenced not only from biological factors but from their own experiences as well. The existence of extroverts and introverts are said to be part of this. theory (Jung, C G., Baynes, H. G., & Baynes, C. F., 1928). Not only that it states in the theory that these traits can easily identify the persons having them but it is also makes it possible to determine their behavior of these individuals in the future. Social structure theories on the other hand states that most people follow the law because they are concerned about their personal commitments and relationships as well as their set of values, norms and beliefs. The more an individual values these factors, the less likely they are to commit a crime. This theory at ways in which criminal tendencies can be reduced, proposing that socialization and social learning will strengthen self-control and prevent anti-social behavior in individuals. This particular theory is based on the Functionalist theory, which has four types of control ("Social Control Theory, 2006"). The first type of control is Direct, which is the application of punishment or rewards towards awful and exemplary behavior respectively. Indirect control, on the other hand is the suppression of crime through one's conscience or superego. The third one is Internal control that establishes control by associating emotional pain and disappointment of one's loved ones or kin whe never he or she commits an unruly act. Finally, Control through needs satisfaction suppresses negative behavior by satisfying the needs of the individual ("Social Control Theory", 2006). The Social process theory seeks to explain the occurrence and suppression of deviant behavior by looking at multiple variables and their combinations. This theory is most applicable to individuals who are most akin to commit deviant actions (Akers, 1973). Groups such as gangs, fraternities and peer groups offer "advantages" and other tempting rewards to encourage individuals to join them (especially young individuals) even if they are known to perform criminally inclined acts. The group could offer psychological advantages such as gaining popularity or material. These advantages are used by the groups as some kind of reinforcement for joining that group. Criminal acts